Table 1.

Characteristics of Study Participants

Male (n=33)Female (n=9)
Mean age66.2 years65.8 years
Country of OriginEast Asian 1 (3%)
Southeast Asia 19 (58%)
South Africa 1 (3%)
Caucasian (Australia) 1 (3%)
Caucasian (USA, Canada) 8 (24%)
Caucasian (Europe) 3 (9%)
Southeast Asia 8 (89%)
Southern Asia 1 (11%)
Mean dose of systemic minoxidil4.8 mg (0.06 mg/kg/day)2.75 mg (0.03 mg/kg/day)
Diagnosis of hair disorderMale pattern baldness (100%):
NH classl III (n=3, 9.1%)
NH class III vertex (n=2, 6.1%)
NH class IV (n=4, 12.1%)
NHclass V (n=10, 30.3%)
NH class VI (n=14, 42.4%)
Female pattern baldness (78%):
Ludwig II (n=6, 67%)
Ludwig III (n=l, 11%)
Telogen effluvium (n=2, 22%)
Mean duration of systemic minoxidil27.5 months5.86 months
Route of systemic minoxidil
Oral298
Sublingual41
Use of other hair loss drugs*
F191
S03
K01
TM10
F + TM40
F + D + TM10
F + S + TM + K10
S + K02
K + TM01
No medications other than oral/sublingual minoxidil71
Participants with comorbid conditions
Any comorbid conditions19 (58%)4 (44%)
Hypertension92
Dyslipidemia73
Endocrine disorders
Diabetes42
Hypothyroidism10
Cardiac rhythm disorder (Atrial fibrillation, heart block)20
Dermatological disorders (psoriasis)10
Musculoskeletal disorders (Gout)10
Psychiatric/psychological disorders (sleep disorder, depression)20
  • * F = oral finasteride 1-1.25mg/day, D = oral dutasteride 0.5mg/week, S = spironolactone 25-50mg/day, K = ketoconazole 2% shampoo 2-3 times a week, TM = topical minoxidil 5% foam/solution/lotion

  • ** ARB = angiotensin-receptor blocker, CCB = calcium channel blocker, SARI = serotonin reuptake inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist = glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, SGLT-2 inhibitor = sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor